Couples counseling Essay Example for Free

Couples directing Essay Lady is a biggest animal of the god. Lady assumes a significant job in each man’s life. There is a lady behind the each effective man. People are made for one another. As a matter of fact they are life accomplice of one another, yet the possibility of the demise of an accomplice is more for ladies than for men. There is a proportion of 1:4 among people. It implies possibility of the demise of a wedded man is multiple times more prominent than the possibility of the passing of a wedded lady. For the most part matured men become single man than youngster (U. S. Statistics Bureau). There are huge numbers of similitudes and contrasts between the encounters of the single men and widows. Correlations are finished by the numerous individuals among widows and single men. Be that as it may, there are some one of a kind encounters in the life of single men. The course of mourning is fashioned with assorted variety and inconstancy among single men. Single men can't adjust the demise of their better half without any problem. A few single men face more prominent trouble in adjustment the passing of their spouses. In any case, numerous single men eventually become ready to withstand or recoup rapidly from troublesome conditions. (Single men, 2007) Couple’s directing is a method of tackling the issues of single men. Couple’s advising depends on the issues of the single man. A single man can take help of the Couples guiding for recouping. It has demonstrated that Couples directing is extremely valuable for single men. Issues are taken care of in a most ideal manner in the Couples guiding. Single men need to go to the guiding meeting to talk about the issues throughout everyday life. Arrangements are proposed by the specialists and â€Å"how to get those arrangement? †, is additionally recommended in Couples directing. â€Å"How to manage current issues of life? † is additionally figured out how to the single men in these Couples advising meetings. There explicit issues are additionally talked about and tackled in these meetings. The fundamental point of the Couples advising is to give a superior method to take care of the issues. The issue of depression, vacancy and past recollections are the principle issues of a single man. (Will) When a man lost his better half then he feels like an appendage is cut from his body. Spouse is a significant piece of a man’s life. She is an individual who kept them sorted out. A man isn't called finished without a lady. That’s why loosing spouse is excruciating. Couples guiding has gotten basic as of now for single men since spouses are â€Å"the essential wellspring of assurance, support, and comfort† for men. Spouses demonstrate a correct heading to the husbands. Demise of the spouse implies being lost without a compass. Single men feel extraordinary dejection after the demise of their spouses since they are needy of wives for some things, for example, association the home, minding of kids and wives are assumed just evident comrade of the husbands. Consequently single men need assistance after the passing of their spouses and this assistance is given by the Couples directing. It is exceptionally hard for a single man to communicate. He can't communicate his feelings without any problem. In such kind of conditions Couples guiding meetings are useful. . (Single men, 2007)

Presocratic Philosophy Essay

Presentation As early Greek human advancement developed increasingly perplexing (c. 500 b. c. e. ), folklore and religion started to form into theory (and later into science). As a major aspect of this turn of events, another sort of scholar rose known as a sophos, from the Greek word for â€Å"wise. † These â€Å"wise men,† and they were only men, posed progressively modern inquiries pretty much a wide range of things, particularly characteristic procedures and the starting points and quintessence of life. Despite the fact that folklore and religion kept on assuming significant jobs in the lives of individuals for a considerable length of time to come, these first thinkers were noted for their endeavors to utilize reason and perception to make sense of how the world functions. Rather than living a â€Å"normal life,† the sophos dedicated himself to posing inquiries that alleged typical individuals thought had just been replied (by religion and folklore) or were unanswerable (and in this manner an exercise in futility). In regard to open recognitions, it didn’t help that the sophos lived and talked in manners that were deciphered as indicating dismiss and conceivably slight for ordinary qualities, and that set him or (rarely) her separated from â€Å"regular folks† living â€Å"normal† lives. It is not really amazing, at that point, that one of the most punctual famous pictures of scholars is the generalization of an odd, â€Å"absent-minded,† naive visionary and asker of senseless inquiries. The absolute first Western scholars recognized as thinkers were at first worried about inquiries regarding the idea of nature (physis) and of the â€Å"world order† (kosmos). Presocratic Rational Discourse The soonest Western thinkers are alluded to as the Presocratics in light of the fact that they showed up before Socrates, the primary significant figure in the Western philosophical convention. A portion of the Presocratic thinkers are portrayed as proto-researchers since they started the change of folklore into balanced request about nature and the universe. An exceptionally broad portrayal of the advancement of Presocratic way of thinking is useful for setting ensuing philosophical issues and differences in setting. Ofâ most enthusiasm for our motivations is the Presocratic philosophers’ battle to offer judicious, â€Å"objective† contentions and clarifications for their perspectives. These worries assumed a significant job in the roots and authentic advancement of Western way of thinking. The first philosophers’ exceptional enthusiasm for quite a while molded the advancement of reason by activating inquiries of legitimate consistency and guidelines of information that went past the sorts of proof that a specialist could offer to back up his cases to ability. The Presocratic Philosophers Thales (c. 624â€545 b. c. e.), generally said to be the principal Western thinker, appears to have accepted that water is here and there vital to our comprehension of things. This idea was presumably founded on a conviction that the earth glided on water, and that all things begin with water. Current assessment holds that Thales accepted that whatever is genuine is in some critical sense ‘‘alive. ’’ According to Aristotle, Thales ‘‘thought that everything is loaded with gods,’’ and as proof of such powers even in clearly lifeless nature he focuses to the striking properties of what was alluded to as the ‘‘Magnesian stone’’. In spite of the fact that Aristotle’s articulation is too slight to even consider serving as a definite establishment for judgment, it appears to be almost certain that Thales was contending for the more extensive nearness of life powers on the planet than the vast majority envisioned, instead of that the genuine in its totality is alive. Anaximander Thales’ more youthful contemporary from Miletus, Anaximander, conceived close to the finish of the seventh century B. C. E. , found the logical standard of things in what he called ‘‘the apeiron,’’ a word that may be deciphered as ‘‘the indefinite,’’ ‘‘the boundless,’’ or both. This opens up the likelihood that the apeiron is both incomprehensibly huge in its worldly and physical degree and furthermore subjectively inconclusive in that it is without quantifiable inward limits. The apeiron is additionally portrayed, as indicated by Aristotle, as being ‘‘without beginning,’’ ‘‘surrounding all things,’’ ‘‘steering all things,’’ ‘‘divine,’’ ‘‘immortal,’’ and ‘‘indestructible. ’’ Some have deduced that Anaximander’s scarcely hid intention was Western philosophy’s first endeavor at demythologization. Similarly striking is Anaximander’s portrayal of the universe as a shut, concentric framework, the external circles of which, by their everlasting movement, represent the solidness of our earth, a drum-formed body held everlastingly in a condition of equipoise at the middle. Whatever the deficiency in specific subtleties (the stars are set closer to the earth than the moon), with Anaximander the study of cosmological theory stepped forward. Undoubtedly, Anaximander offered another striking theory. The primary living things, as per him, were ‘‘born in dampness, encased in prickly barks’’ (like ocean urchins), and ‘‘as their age expanded, they approached onto the drier part’’ (as expressed by Aetius [first to second century C. E. ]). Pythagoras Although we realize that Pythagoras was a recorded figure, it is hard to decide precisely what Pythagoras himself educated. He didn't compose anything, and the thoughts of different individuals from the network were credited to him as an indication of regard and as a method of loaning weight to the thoughts. Plato and Aristotle once in a while allocate thoughts to Pythagoras himself, albeit Pythagorean thoughts appear to have affected Plato’s reasoning. Pythagoreans attested that number is the primary rule of all things. They were the main orderly engineers of arithmetic in the West and found that characteristic occasions could be depicted in scientific terms, particularly as proportions. To the Pythagoreans, the â€Å"principle of number† represented everything. Number was a genuine article. By one way or another, numbers existed in space, not similarly as mental develops. As indicated by Pythagorean teaching, the whole universe is an arranged entire comprising of harmonies of differentiating components. The Greek for â€Å"ordered whole† is universe. The Pythagoreans were the main thinkers to utilize the term universe to allude to the universe thusly. The â€Å"celestial music of the spheres† is the hauntingly lovely expression the Pythagoreans instituted to portray the sound of the sky as they pivot as indicated by inestimable number and agreement. Xenophanes A fourth Ionian thinker, Xenophanes of Colophon, conceived around 580 B. C. E. ,is the primary we are aware of to clearly assault the humanoid attribution of mainstream strict conviction, in a progression of splendid reductio promotion absurdum contentions. His own view has been seen, since the time Aristotle, as pantheistic. Xenophanes was likewise the main scholar we are aware of to solicit what degree from information is achievable. In B34 we read: ‘‘the clear and certain fact no man has seen, nor will there be any individual who thinks about the divine beings and what I express pretty much all things. ’’ Several antiquated pundits took this to be a sign of Xenophanes’ complete doubt. On this premise of moderate observation and suspicion, Xenophanes offered various assessments of shifting believability about the characteristic world, one of whichâ€a solid, transformative translation of the disclosure on different islands of fossils of marine animalsâ€is enough to comprise a significant specialty in normal way of thinking and positions with his other critical strides in epistemology (the hypothesis of information managing what we know, how we know it, and how dependable our insight is), rationale (the investigation of objective request and argumentation), and regular philosophy (the endeavor to comprehend God from common information). Heraclitus One of the most significant and perplexing of the Presocratics, Heraclitus (fl . 500 b. c. e. , d. 510â€480 b. c. e. ), said that numbness will undoubtedly result when we attempt to comprehend the universe when we don't grasp the fundamental structure of the human mind (soul) and its relationship to the Logos. The mind boggling Greek word logos is captivating. It could and now and again meant the entirety of the accompanying: â€Å"intelligence,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"discourse,† â€Å"thought,† â€Å"reason,† â€Å"word,† â€Å"meaning,† â€Å"study of,† â€Å"the record of,† â€Å"the science of,† â€Å"the major standards of,† â€Å"the essential standards and methodology of a specific discipline,† â€Å"those highlights of a thing that make it clear to us,† and â€Å"the justification for a thing. † The Heraclitean capital L Logos resembles God, just without the humanizing (adapting) of the prior thinkers and writers who ascribed human characteristics to the divine beings. As per Heraclitus’s generic perspective on God, the Logos is a procedure, not an element. Accordingly, the Logos is indifferent with people and human undertakings, similarly that gravity influences us yet is uninterested with us. All the more profoundly yet, Heraclitus affirmed that despite the fact that things seem to continue as before, â€Å"Change alone is perpetual. † Traditionally, it has been held that Heraclitus ventured to such an extreme as to guarantee that everything is continually changing constantly. Yet, regardless of whether he truly implied that everything is continually changing, or that singular things are held together by e

Best Argumentative Essay Topics

Best Argumentative Essay TopicsHere are some of the best argumentative essay topics 2020. They will help you as you prepare to write your own essay and will give you ideas to choose from for your own argumentative essay topic.In your secondary school, you may have learned the history of a certain event in a book. You might also have learned something about it through other means. But today, if you want to write an argumentative essay, you can learn more about a subject, such as why slavery was not abolished in your country or how people used to worship in their day, without ever taking a look at a book.As you read about various arguments about various events and theories, you can make a convincing argument for why one party or the other is right or wrong. And at the end of the day, this is the goal that you should strive for.In your argumentative essay topics, you will need to present your ideas clearly and concisely. For example, you should avoid using long words and do not have to elaborate on a statement. Instead, you should focus on the main points you want to make.In fact, this is how you will make a strong argument that will convince other readers. Besides, the best argumentative essay topics do not usually use statistics or references as much as possible, although you may want to include them at the end.Some of the major types of argumentative essays are the polemic, the persuasive essay, and the criticism essay. Polemic essays deal with attacking someone's position. The last type of essay is critical essays that are done to demonstrate that the other side is wrong or has flaws.As you might be aware, one of the most popular argumentative essay topics today is the topic on abortion rights. While there is a large variety of viewpoints, you may want to focus on what you feel is right for you and your audience.As you can see, you can easily get ideas for essay topics through different sources, such as books, magazines, and newspaper articles. Moreover, inter net and discussion boards are also places you can find great topics that you can adapt to your own essay.

Analysis Of Chester Himess If He Hollers Let Him Go

In Chester Himes’, If He Hollers Let Him Go the racial tension between blacks and whites was perfectly portrayed by protagonist Bob Jones and white counterpart, Madge. The relationship between the two was a great example of the advantage that was taken of African Americans in the United States before the Civil Rights Movement. Being friends with someone opposite of your race was frowned upon. With that in mind, for a white woman and a black man to be in a relationship was completely unacceptable. There were exceptions for any interracial couples. The memoir by Lillian Smith, â€Å"Killers of The Dream† also discussed the sexual tension between blacks and whites. In the 1940’s sex was already taboo to begin with. Since racial tension was also a†¦show more content†¦Back in that time, it only took the word of a white man or woman to convince a jury, mostly comprised of all white men and woman, that a black man rapped a woman for them to be killed. For Bob , to even think about wanting to pursue any type of sexual relationship with Madge involves enough risk that he cannot take because it could easily compromise his relationship with Alice and most obvious, his life. Lillian Smith explains in her memoir that in order to move forward in societal change, something needs to be done about the treatment of interracial marriage and how it is seen in the United States. In order for that change to occur, first we need to recognize the way African Americans are being treated in our society. There is a tremendous stigma of having sex before marriage in the deep south back in the 1940s as well as today. Being that Smith was raised in a conservative town with values reflecting that notion, it would be extremely hard to get away with Rules against exploring ones body went as far as saying that certain parts were segregated saying that you cannot associate freely with them any more than you can associate freely with colored children (Smith 87). The se principles were specific to the person and their own body and one can only imagine the limitations on interracial relations. As a young child, Smith

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn- Jims True Role Essay

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Jims true role in Huckleberry Finn has long been argued. Some critics believe that he acts as a father figure for Huck. Others believe various other things. However, Jims real role in the novel is to provide Huck with an opportunity for moral growth because, through his friendship with Jim, Huck learns a great deal about humanity. In the beginning of this Huckleberry Finn, Huck was an uncivilized and ignorant boy. When he moved in with the Widow Douglas, she allowed she would [him] but he did not want to stay with her because she was so regular and decent... in all her ways (2). He did not have what most people would consider morals. He was so against things moral and civilized that†¦show more content†¦[he] could a paddled ashore and told somebody (151). He believed that this was as bad as stealing. He decided he would go in town and give Jim up, but when it came time to do it, he could not bring himself to give Jim up. Jim had become too important to him. Later in the novel, Huck again faced this dilemma about whether or not to give Jim up. This occurred after the king and duke had sold Jim to Mr. Phelps. Huck decided to write a letter to Miss Watson, Jims owner before he escaped, telling her where her runaway slave was. He again felt awful about allowing and even helping Jim to escape from her, and he believed that people that acts as [hed] been acting about that n***** goes to everlasting fire (365). However, then he started thinking about his friendship with Jim and how good Jim had been to him through the whole voyage. He realized how much Jim actually meant to him . He then decided, once and for all, that he would not give Jim up, and never thought no more about reforming (368). After this Huck spent all his energy on stealing Jim from the Phelps family, and he did not even feel guilty about it. At the beginning of the novel, Huck believed that slavery was right and that it was not immora l to support slavery. By the end of the novel, Huck had become truly moral because he realized that everyone was just human. Jims presence in this novel and in Hucks adventure allowed Huck to achieve this great moral growth, It was through Jim thatShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Research Paper1649 Words   |  7 PagesSince its first publication in 1884, Mark Twain’s masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has proven to be one of history’s most controversial novels; especially recently, the novel has often been banned by schools and censored by libraries. Characters in the book are constantly using disparaging language toward slaves, and the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† makes many sensitive and offended. Critics denounce the novel and Mark Twain as racist for this word being insulting and politicallyRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHuck Finn, the protagonist in The A dventures of Huckleberry Finn, comes from the lowest level of society and yet his personality is more pure than anyone else. Huck’s father is the town drunk, and because he avoids his father, Huck is frequently homeless. The difference in background distances Huck from the mainstream society making him skeptical to change, as he is when the Widow Douglas attempts to â€Å"reform† him. Although he was not integrated into society, he has his own moral outlook on life thatRead More The Role People Play Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguished mostly by the impact others have upon them when they are children. These role models shape everyone’s life into the person we are to become, whether positively or negatively. In Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn’s role models all impact Huck’s life and the way he lives throughout the novel. Miss Watson, Widow Douglas, and Jim give Huck positive support, while pap Finn imp acts Huck’s life negatively. Miss Watson and Widow Douglas guide Huck throughout hisRead More Huck Finn Racism Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesHuck Finn Racism The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Mark Twain classic, wonderfully demonstrates pre-Civil War attitudes about blacks held by whites. Twain demonstrates these attitudes through the actions and the speech of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator, and Jim, Miss Watsons slave. These two main characters share a relationship that progresses from an acquaintance to a friendship throughout the novel. It is through this relationship that Mark Twain gives his readers the realizationRead MoreHuckleberry Finn: a Good Role Model Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesHuckleberry Finn: A Good Role Model The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn gives a visual look at the time in which the author Samuel Clemens lived. He explains how he felt about his life through the eyes of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn has many adventures that teach him life lessons we can learn from today. Although there are differing opinions on whether Huck Finn is a good role model for todays young people, I will explain why I think he is. Huck is a goodRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 943 Words   |  4 Pagesof Jim in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the opening of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim, an escaped slave previously owned by Miss Watson, is a simple, kind, and generous man who is also almost superstitious to a fault. However, Jim develops as a character throughout the novel in a humble passage from slave to free man and Tom Sawyer’s savior. This character transformation manifests itself throughout Jim and Huck’s time together in a search for freedom and a path back to Jim’s family thatRead More Critics of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesCritics of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered by many to be the greatest American novel ever written.   Despite this praise, Mark Twain’s masterpiece has never been without criticism.   Upon its inception it was blasted for being indecent literature for young readers because of its lack of morals and contempt for conformity.   Modern indignation toward Huck Finn arises from its racist undertones, most notably Twain’s treatment of the character JimRead More No Color Barrier in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1830 Words   |  8 PagesNo Color Barrier in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn I felt so lonesome I most wished I was dead (221). Mark Twains, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a tale about a boy in search for a family and a place he can truly call home. Through his adventure, he rids himself of a father that is deemed despicable by society, and he gains a father that society hasnt even deemed as a man. This lonely and depressed young boy only finds true happiness when he is befriendedRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1705 Words   |  7 Pages In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the mind of man usually differs depending how he was raised. In this case, Huckleberry Finn a young thirteen-year-old boy who doesn’t really have anything to cling on to when it comes to parental advice, affection, or presence from anyone before his odyssey defies that theory. Hence, without a guide Huck only knows what society wants when it comes to push and shove Huck, himself, chooses not to interfere but allows himself to see the world for what itRead MoreMorality In Huckleberry Finn1031 Words   |  5 PagesClose relationships can affect many individuals, allowing them to see different perspectives on society. Morality plays a significant role in how people act, and also provides reason behind how they treat others as well. In addition, individuals can find freedom through forgiveness and honesty. People who face harsh circumstances may suffer, but end up taking a high moral ground even after these hardships. Hence, the people with hardships often have superior principles to those without several problems

My Experience At The United States Congress - 725 Words

Guide to Comp I John Beckley, the first librarian of the United States Congress, once said, â€Å"Most people don’t plan to fail; they fail to plan.† I have found this to be true in many areas of life, including my college classes. Having almost completed my first semester of Composition I, I have realized that college presents a new arena of life, and therefore demands thoughtful planning, planning made necessary by new found freedom. Freedom is a relative term in college; it is experienced in and out of the classroom, in both creativity and time management. With new found freedoms that college brings, comes heightened responsibility to prioritize and plan for classroom success. I will share specifically about my experience in Composition I. Since success begins with planning, I’ll start there. In my previous English classes, teachers encouraged my ability to â€Å"create† thoughtful essays, and focused more on the elements of voice and less on the structure of writing. This encouragement allowed my perception of my writing ability to be inflated as I entered college. Perhaps you too see yourself as a good writer. Don’t let this perception keep you from embracing the opportunity to increase your writing ability. The fallacy of my perception that I had already arrived as a writer was brought home when I received a fifty-nine on my second essay! Following my normal writing process, I began writing every good idea that presented itself without any forethought to planning orShow MoreRelatedThe National Trust For Historic Preservation Essay700 Words   |  3 Pagesbe referred to in the future as NTHP in this paper), the concept is reflected in their decision to break away from government funding. Beca use Congress had designated them as a trust, they had a large portion of their budget in their hands, about a fifth. When budgeting constraints began to be too close for comfort, the NTHP was done dealing with Congress. They were done being â€Å"lobbyists on our own behalf† (Adelman, 2005) and wanted to do more with what resources they had from other grants and membershipsRead MoreThe Constitution Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pages The preamble introduces the constitution. It states that the government comes from the people. Its general purposes are in order to form a more perfect union we have to â€Å"Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.† (Remy, United States Government, McGraw Hill companies, Ohio, 2002) Its purpose is to make a good government and good laws, have peace in our homes, nationalRead MoreBuffalo Soldiers1065 Words   |  5 PagesBuffalo Soldiers The focal point of my paper will be on the changes in the United States (US) armed forces over the last century. I chose to compare the Buffalo Soldiers, who existed from 1867-1896, and their experiences with the current state of the US armed forces. I was drawn to author, ZZ Packer’s â€Å"Buffalo Soldiers† because of my experience in the US armed services and, as I read the book it became clear that the US armed services today is very different from what it was at the time when theRead MorePresident Obama s Executive Order1456 Words   |  6 PagesMy policy problem is that Congress now wants to reverse President Obama’s executive order and this reversal will be a huge step back in the process of the immigration reform that is needed. This reversal of action can be detrimental to many immigrant families by separating families with deportation and delaying families from being reunited after only parts of families were able to come to the United States. The gov ernment has been deporting illegal immigrants and the path to citizenship is difficultRead MoreAmbassador Of The United Kingdom1418 Words   |  6 Pagesspeak here today. I have spoken at many places but engaging any form of audience at the prestigious Oxford University is something that I really have to place on my curriculum vitae. I am also grateful to the US Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ambassador Mathew Barzun and his family for the warmth they have shown me since I got to the United Kingdom and for being present at this function. Ambassador Barzun’s pace-setting involvement with the internet especially at its early stage is something thatRead MoreShirley Chisholm : A Visionary Leader1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst African American congresswoman to create diversity and how she used Idealized Influence to garner votes to run for U.S. presidency. Additionally, I will review how Chisholm displayed Ethical Leadership by challenging the seniority system in Congress a nd how she used her moral values to stand up for what she believed in. Finally, I will review how Shirley Chisholm’s visionary and ethical leadership behavior is personally relevant to me. First, let’s review how Chisholm used her visionary leadershipRead MoreEssay On La Primavera1051 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Artifacts My first work is La Primavera written by the Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi in 1723. â€Å"La Primavera† is one of four violin concertos, each capturing moods and illustrating stories related to a specific time of year. Each section within this movement illustrate the most beautiful scenes of the spring season, including birds, babbling brooks, and a thunderstorm. (Soomo). My second work is an oil on canvas painting, titled â€Å"The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone† by Thomas Moran.Read MoreDREAM Act Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesWith my experience as a United States Coast Guard officer, working intimately with migrant operations, I propose that revisions to the previous DREAM Act is necessary to ensure safe passage of the 2017 proposal. Following 9/11, national security became the central focus, enacting policies and legislation aimed at protecting the American people. Yet, with the influx of Immigrants into the United States, legislators can no longer ignore the n eeds of illegal immigrant already residing in American societyRead MoreThe Causes Of The American Revolution1137 Words   |  5 Pagesyears old when the British imposed unfair taxes on the colonist. Being colonist, my parents became very distressful due to the discrimination they had to experience. The colonist had enough with the taxation, and because the British mistreated them, they decided to fight to be free from England. Other factors also motivated them for their rights and freedom for instance, â€Å"common sense† pamphlets that Thomas Paine created. My father also got motivated by the Pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense† which challenged theRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1545 Words   |  7 Pages Rita Ghatourey once said, â€Å"Good decisions come from experience, and experience comes from bad decisions.† Sometimes bad decisions can lead to a broken finger nail or a scratch, while others can cause millions of deaths and psychological tolls. Throughout hi story, multitudinous countries and leaders have made deplorable decisions, causing lives to be lost. For example, during the Vietnam War, Presidents of the United States made many unethical decisions, which only further exacerbated the war. The

Human Resource Management Performance Valuation

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for Performance Valuation. Answer: Introduction As we know that in todays global economy, it has become necessary that an organization must recruit and select the most deserving, skilled, knowledgeable, talented and creative employees. In this report, we will discuss about the Australian National Bank and its human resource management that work for the recruitment and retention of the employees in their organization. There are many types of theories and approaches will be discussed that are related to the management of human resource management. Now days, there is a new term related to the human resource management and human resources has been introduced that is personnel management. It is a process in which the people who are working with the organization are managed in the most effective and efficient manner. It is term that is not merely managed the employees but also their salary, wages, needs, wants, satisfaction, etc. The motive is to accomplish the objectives of the organization by fulfilling the need s and wants of the employees. The requirement is to analyze the value of Human resource within the organization. This type of management is responsible to see that how the employees are treated in an organization, and to bring them upwards so that the level of organization will also improved. There are basically seven functions performed by the human resource department of the company that is staffing, appraisals of performance, compensations, benefits, training, development, relationships between the employees and labors, health and safety and the research of human resource. Task 1 A brief description of the company National Australian Bank Ltd. is one of the most prominent banks of Australia that has a strong presence in more than 57 countries all over the world. This bank has a large customers base in not only Australia but also in the entire world. National Australian Bank Ltd. deals with many types of financial products and instruments. They cater almost all segments of the society by providing them various products according to the need and requirement of them. Atkinsons flexible firm model This model is a combination of numbers, functions, and financial flexibility though working in the orgnaistaion that consist of different employees. There are also many external stakeholders that are also requiring proper management. They are not the part but provide important services. Atkinson provides National Australian Bank a type of flexibility that is important to manage things in the orgnaistaion (Bowen, and Ostroff, 2004). Functional flexibility deals with the capacity of employees to manage the work, like multi skilling. It helps to manage the workloads and pressure at the workplace. Numerical flexibility deals with the authority to change the numbers of the employees in the organization. Financial flexibility refers to the ability to manage the cost of the employment in response to the demand and supply of the labor from the external market (agri.com, 20016). HRM department of National Australian Bank Ltd Yes, if we observe the HR department of National Australian Bank Ltd. then it has a dedicated and effective HR department that manages the Human resource of the company. This bank is very committed to serve the people by providing them all the banking needs required by the society. They also provide many types of solutions matching their needs. They always try to maintain the convenience of the customers (Ben, 2012). Approaches of HRM in National Australian Bank Ltd Most of the bank uses traditional approaches in their organization. But National Australian Bank Ltd believes that the modern approach is the most beneficial approach in todays fast moving world. It becomes very necessary for all the organization to maintain a level of standards so that their customers will retain for a longer period of time. This can be achieved through up gradation of the organization with all the latest technology and same policies according to the same. The strategic human resource management model proposed by Nankervis et al (2014) includes many type sof practical framework and strong concepts for the HR department of National Australian Bank Ltd. the company do not follow this types of management. They also do not outsource the Hr functions of the organization (Nankervis, et.al. 2014). Functions of Hr at different levels Strategic level- The main focus of this function is on the productivity of the employees. they are also responsible to achieve the goals and return on investment of the HRM in National Australian Bank Ltd. they are responsible in maintain the strategic management of the organization by making new policies and strategic decisions (Barratt, 2003). Operational level- The operation Hr management refers to the administration functions manage by the Hr of HRM in National Australian Bank Ltd. includes the entire vital task like recruitment, interviewing, hiring of new employees, risk management, management of computerized management system of HRM in National Australian Bank, payroll department, etc. Functional level- It refers to the decisions made by the Hr related to the division of work, allocation of resources in the orgnaistaion, attaining the corporate level of objectives, etc. in this functions, the hr department performs the basic and primary functions of the organization (Amsj.com, 2016). A diagram to demonstrate the different HR roles and responsibilities in national Australian bank- Task 2 Issues faced by Australia in the process of recruitment and selection- Contrast Basis of difference Australia UK Skills and knowledge In Australia, most the people are skilled and knowledgeable but the challenge is their skills neither are nor related to the company requirement. In UK, the employees who are skilled demand for high wages and salary. The demand of the employees does not match to the companies supply. Change in business model The business models of this country remain same. The business models of companies of UK changes according to the time Political interference The Australian companies do not face any type of major political interference The UK companies are facing huge political interference due to which the companies are unable to make rues according to them Geographical challenges Challenges like people do not want to leave their home towns for jobs. In UK, employees do not face such problem (Brako, et.al. 2014). Comparison According to Margaret Richardson, the process of recruitment and selection is not very smooth as written in the journal recruitment strategies. Employers have to face many problems like cost of the advertisements for recruitment, communication problems, etc. It is very expensive process as there is a need to invite more and more candidates for the interviews. The employer or interviewer must have interviewing skills. These all problems are faced by the country like Australia. These are the basic problems that are present in almost all the countries. It is not possible for all the countries to invest a big amount in the process of recruitment and selection (Richardson, 2016). Issues faced by UK in the process of recruitment and selection According to the international Journal of economics, commerce and management, UK, there are many challenges faced by UK companies while recruitment and selection process. The first issue is that the companies are unable to identify the deserving candidates for their organization. The expectations of the companies as well as the candidates have risen for both the purpose like salary and the designation. To fetch the suitable candidate from the pool of candidates has become a biggest challenge for the HR department. In UK, the companies are facing that the demand of the employees are very high. They want a high amount of salary and packages. The other problems faced by UK are investment in the process of recruitment and selection. As we know that the process of recruitment and selection needs a huge amount of investment that is not possible for all the countries ((Brako, et.al. 2014). Task 3 The most common reasons that people stay in their jobs, i.e., the 'retention levers of National Australian Bank Ltd. are basically five. According to this, the engaged employees are the most involved employee of the organization. They are most enthusiastic and energetic part of the organization. There interest found in the growth and development of the organization. The Retention levers of National Australian Bank Ltd. are- A competent manager- A competent manager is an individual whose aim is to add value to the employees. He focuses of the productivity and the performance of the human resource working in the organization. He aim is to make the employees understand that they play a vital role in the organization and give vale to the work performed by them. He is accountable to judge the work performed by the employees and try to increase the ability of the workers. It is said that in the National Australian Bank Ltd. the engagement of the employee cannot be achieved without the competent manager of that company and the performance was also not good before this manager. Contextual goals- Goals play a vital role as they drive the managers, employees and the organization itself. If there are no goals, the orgnaistaion will not work. Goals are very important for each individual working with the bank. Goals define the aims of the organization and motive to work in the best way they can. This is very relevant for the banks to set a frame of objectives in which the employees and the managers need to perform. This frame must be of adequate quality and quantity so that the outcomes can also be healthy in nature. For the employee engagement it is relevant to set goals. Without which, the organization will left with the frustrations and flaunts with it (Colbert, 2004). Objective metrics- Objective metrics is a chart of the performance and the steps taken by the employees to achieve the contextual goals of the organization. This metrics is contracted by the competent manager of the National Australian Bank Ltd. he is the one who help the employees to maintain the accomplishment of the objectives. These metrics are based on the emotions and feelings of the manager that are in contextual with the objectives and goals of the organization. It is observed that if the objective metrics is unknown for the employees then they will remain frustrated and angry. This would result in fear and disengagement from the employee side (Kaufman, 2007). Resources- Resources play an important role as they are very important in achievement of the above mentioned points. To accomplish the goals and objectives of the organization, there is a requirement of all the resources that will be needed in future. It is the duty of manager to supply a relevant amount of resources to the employees so that the work can be done. resources can be material, training, staff, consultants, etc. some relevant task that a manager should perform regarding the management of resources are the current presence co the resources, by what time the employee can achieve the contextual objective with the given amount of resources, and does the goals and objectives warrant the amount of resources available to the employees. It is possible that the limited resources leads in the innovation in the organization but to achieve the contextual goals it is required to have an adequate amount of resources in the organization (Mayhew, 2016). Autonomy- Autonomy is something that is synonymous with the directed behavior of the manager and the employee. In this lever, engagement of the employee is directly linked with the implementation of the task of the employees. This autonomy is not single as it is tied up with the other levers of the retention that are competent manager, contextual goals, objective metrics, and resources. The autonomy can be achieved at the last stage when all the above mentioned levers are achieved. It works through the choice of the employee when he himself feels that he is an important part of the organization and his contribution is very necessary for the organization. In this way, he performs best in the organization as he is self motivated and satisfied with the organization (Nayab, 2011). Task 4 Job description of HR of National Australian Bank Administrative work Documentation of files, data, information Terminations of employees Absence of employees Performance and performance reports of the employees Compensation of the employees Benefits information to the employees Besides all above, the Hr mangers of National Australian Bank perform the primary functions of recruitment, hiring, selection, training of the new employees, etc. (Reynolds, 2016) A detailed description of the most suitable type of performance review method in National Australian Bank 360 degree evaluation It is the most suitable method to review the performance f the employees. In this method, the effectiveness of the employees lies within the organization and the members of the organization. In 360 degree appraisal method, the evaluation of performance is on though the reviews from the managers; of the other department that whether the employee is coming on a regular basis or not, is the performance of the employee with the organization is improving, etc. The effectiveness of the employees and its performance helps the organization in the process of evaluation of the performance. It also comes from the job description of the employee and the effectiveness to which they work in the National Australian Bank (Root, 2016). Suitability of 360 degree performance appraisal method for National Australian Bank It provides an opportunity to the Hr and leaders to judge the performance of the organization. It helps to increase the self-awareness of the employees. The employees are able to clarify the behaviors of them in the organization. It changes the perception of the employees from how the things can do or what gets done. The promotion of dialogue is takes place through 360 degree appraisal. The relationship between the workers can be improved and it encourages the personal development of them. The performance and the accountability increased through 360 degree appraisal (Schuler, Jackson, 2008). Pros and cons of 360 degree performance appraisal method S. No. Pros Cons 1 Increment in self-awareness Complex in nature 2 Clarity in behavior Time taking 3 Measurement of values and performance Trouble and tensions 4 Promotion of dialogues Trainings and relevant efforts to have accurate result 5 Improvement in relationships Sometimes, feedbacks are useless 6 Personal development of employees Impose environment of suspicion 7 Accountability - 8 Enhance the performance - Conclusion At last we can conclude that the human resource department is one of the most vital parts of every organization. The employees are termed as the mainstay of any business organization and especially in the banking sectors. National Australian Bank Ltd. that is one of the biggest financial institutions of not only Australia also required Hr team. The roles and responsibilities played by an hr of the company cannot be don e by the other members of the same. The Human resource department is one of the most prominent department o every organization. The need for HR department in National Australian Bank Ltd is as equal as the other companies. Hr is term that is not merely managed the employees but also their salary, wages, needs, wants, satisfaction, etc. The motive is to accomplish the objectives of the organization by fulfilling the need s and wants of the employees. The requirement is to analyze the value of Human resource within the organization. References agri.com, 2016. Australian human resources institute, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://www.ahri.com.au/assist/recruitment-and-selection Amsj.com.2016. Australian medical student journal, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://www.amsj.org/about/recruitment Barratt, E. (2003). Foucault, HRM and the ethos of the critical management scholar. Journal of Management Studies, 40(5), 1069-1087. Bowen, D.E. and Ostroff, C., 2004. Understanding HRMfirm performance linkages: The role of the strength of the HRM system. Academy of management review, 29(2), pp.203-221. Ben, 2012. Human resources job titles- the ultimate guide, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://upstarthr.com/human-resources-job-titles-the-ultimate-guide/ Bhasin, H., 2016. Levels of strategy, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/levels-of-strategy/ Brako, N., Eugene, a., Mark, A., Beatrice, O., and Anthony, S., 2014. An investigation into recruitment and selection practices and organizational performance, Vol. II, Issue 11, United Kingdom Buchan, J., 2004. What difference does (" good") HRM make?. Human resources for health, 2(1), p.1. Cardus, M., 2013. 5 levers of employees engagement, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://www.td.org/Publications/Blogs/Management-Blog/2013/08/5-Levers-of-Employee-Engagement Cohen, D.J., 2007. The very separate worlds of academic and practitioner publications in human resource management: Reasons for the divide and concrete solutions for bridging the gap. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), pp.1013-1019. Collins, C. J., Clark, K. D. (2003). Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. Academy of management Journal, 46(6), 740-751. Colbert, B. A. (2004). The complex resource-based view: Implications for theory and practice in strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 341-358. Kaufman, B.E., 2007. The development of HRM in historical and international perspective. Oxford Handbook of Human Resource Management, The, p.19. Mayhew, R., 2016. Problems in recruitment and selection, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/problems-recruitment-selection-61696.html Nankervis, R., Baird, M., Coffey, J., shields, J., 2014. Human resource management: strategy and practice, Eighth edition, South Melbourne, Victoria Cengage Learning Australia. Nayab, N., 2011. A traditional approach to human resource management, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/75466-a-traditional-approach-to-human-resource-management/ Richardson, M., 2016. recruitment strategies, government of the republic Trinidad and Tobago. Reynolds, M., 2016. Operational Hr management vs. strategic HR mansgment, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/operational-hr-management-vs-strategic-hr-management-62125.html Root, G., 2016. Methods of performance evaluation, [Online], Accessed on: 26 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/methods-performance-evaluation-1869.html Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E. (2008). Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons.

Attending a Mosque during a Religious Services

Introduction Religious services in a mosque require strict observation of worship ethics and etiquette. Worship in a mosque entails subtle religious practices that are hard for a non-Muslim to practice. The unique and hard religious practices in the Mosque limit effective interaction of Muslims and non-Muslims causing more interreligious suspicion and doubt. The interreligious suspicion and doubt emanate from the preconceptions and misconceptions, which negatively affects interreligious interaction.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Attending a Mosque during a Religious Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are some preconceptions and misconceptions about Muslim religious practices during their worship services that lead non-Muslims to perceive Islamic religion as hostile and inhospitable. The multicultural and religious interactions have psychological implications to both the Muslims and the non-Mus lims. This essay will explore the religious services in a mosque, preconceptions and psychological interaction of Muslims and non-Muslims. Religious Service at a Mosque As aforementioned, the religious services at the mosque are unique and strange to a non-Muslim. Muslims do not allow anybody to enter their Mosque unless one is a Muslim or identified and given permission because the mosque is the most holy place and strangers who do not profess Islamic faith should not defile it by entering into it. The Quran prescribes standard etiquette and worship practices for the Muslims worldwide; therefore, there is no ambiguity in their worship due to the geographical location. The standard etiquette prescribes dressing code and worship practices, which must be followed strictly. The non-Muslims are required to learn the etiquette because if they do not follow them in the mosque, they are deemed to profane the mosque intentionally and this creates many fears to non-Muslims. If a non-Muslim h as to enter a mosque, he/she has to make formal request and upon approval, he/she can only enter when prayers are not session to be guided through the process of worship. Muslims have religious services at specific times of the day. Before entering into the mosque, Muslims are required to be in their dress code and to remove their shoes at the entrance. After removing their shoes, they proceed to the washing place where they wash their feet, hands and feet prior to praying. Inside the mosque there are no seats, instead a soft carpet is spread on the floor unlike in churches where the congregation use seats. The prayers of Muslims are recited while kneeling and bowing down facing Mecca followed by the Quran reading of the day then other routine prayer recitations follow. Conventionally, a male leads the worship service because women are strictly forbidden to enter mosque during their menstruation period, as they are unclean and unfit to worship. Smoking, eating, drinking and switch-o n phones are forbidden in the mosque for they interfere with the worship service.Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preconceptions of Non-Muslims The non-Muslims have many of preconceptions and misconceptions about Islamic religion and Muslims. There is misconception that associates Muslims with terrorists, violence and extremists. â€Å"This is the biggest misconception in the Islam; no doubt resulting from the constant stereotyping and bashing the media gives Islam† (Ahmad, 2008, p. 22). The media has stereotyped the Islamic religion and Muslims as violent, extremists and terrorists in the way they report events. For, terrorists are referred as Islamic terrorists, while instance countries are referred as Islamic countries but rarely do we have Christian countries. The Islamic religion has been associated with the vices in the society but in real sense, Islam is a peace-loving religion, which stands for total submission to God. Another preconception is that the Islamic religion oppresses women. The teachings of the Quran do not support the oppression of women as it teaches that, â€Å"the most perfect in faith amongst believers is he who is best in manner and kindest to his wife† (Ahmad, 2008, p. 23). The non-Muslims perceive the Islamic women as oppressed lot due to their lifestyles and dress code. The Quran requires both men and women to wear decent and modesty clothes that depict dignity to the people around at any instance; regrettably, many non-Muslims perceive this as oppression towards women. Freedom of wearing any dress code is against the Islamic teachings, and this does not amount to women oppression, as many would want to believe. There are other misconceptions concerning the way of worship and spread of Islamic religion. Majority of non-Muslims often presume that Muslims do not worship God the Creator, but they worship a le sser god, Allah. Nevertheless, this misconception arises from sheer ignorance. Allah is an Arabic word for God the Creator. â€Å"Muslims believe that Allah’s sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various times and in many places throughout history† (Ahmad, 2008, p .23). Christians too believe in the same God but the differences exist on matters concerning the prophets that were sent by God. In their case, Muslims believe that Allah send Mohammed. Other misconception about Muslims is that they spread their faith through jihad war, all are Arabs, men are polygamous and Mohammed is their God. With all these misconceptions, a non-Muslim will definitely fear to enter a mosque or relate with Muslims.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Attending a Mosque during a Religious Services specifically for you for only $16.0 5 $11/page Learn More Psychological Reactions Muslims believe that their religion requires total submission to God and they guard this belief zealously. The mosque also is the most a sacred place of worship where non-Muslims should not enter, as they will profane the holy place. On the other hand, non-Muslims harbor many misconceptions about Muslims. Therefore, if a Muslim encounters non-Muslim in a mosque during the course of worship, psychological mechanism of evaluation apprehension ensues. According to Myer (2008), â€Å"†¦when two or more people who, for longer than a few moments , interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as [us]† (p. 262). This happens in an interactive process of social loafing, facilitation and deindividuation. Social loafing occurs when the non-Muslim receives guidance through the process of worship, while social facilitation occurs when evaluation apprehension increases on the part of Muslims. In this case , they perceive that non-Muslims are watching their way of worship. Myer (2008) asserts that, â€Å"deindividuation represents a breakdown in evaluation apprehension because of decrease in self-consciousness, and an increase in group consciousness that can lead to more disinhibited behavior† (p. 263). The balance in social loafing, facilitation and deindividuation will give effective social interaction in the worship service. Conclusion Multicultural and religious misconceptions and preconceptions affect the effective interaction between people. The misconceptions and preconceptions of the Muslims and their religion limit the effective interaction of Muslims and non-Muslims in the mosque. For the worship service to be interactive despite barriers of misconceptions and preconceptions, the evaluation apprehension process requires reduced social loafing and increased social facilitation and deindividuation. References Ahmad, H. (2008). Misconceptions about Islam. The Islamic Jou rnal, 6(3), 20-27. Print. Myers, D. (2008). Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This term paper on Attending a Mosque during a Religious Services was written and submitted by user Corey Rosales to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Great Leaders essay

buy custom Great Leaders essay Charlemagne and Augustus Caesar are two great names in the history of men. Their achievement and accomplishment is far from emulation. They have left a mark in the history for what they did are worth to be remembered forever. It has been said that these two great men were considered as two great leaders that the mankind has ever produced. However, much we know of them is more on the fact that they were not contemporaries and we tend to separate one another. It is the now the purpose of this essay to present that the two great men of history namely, Charlemagne and Caesar Augustus, do have similarities and some extent of deviation from one another. The main reference of this essay is the Life of Charlemagne by Einhard and and Augustus Caesars Res Gestae Divi Augusti, in "Discovering the Western Past". To proceed I would like to cite specific satge in our two great mens lives as societys highest leader and how are they similar and how do they differ in that specific stage. The accession to the throne In order to start this essay, let me begin by describing how Charlemagne and Caesar Augustus ascend to the throne fit for a king. What have they done to deserve such honor and title? Is the born innate to them since the day theyre born? Or had they work for it? The Augustus Caesars Res Gestae Divi Augusti had revealed that Caesar Augustus ascended to the throne by working on it and gaining the peoples trust specially those who compose the council. Thus, Caesar assumed the highest office through public approval which was after he had proven his worth as a leader. While Einhard revealed that Charlemagne inherited the throne from his father. But whichever reason paved the way to the throne for these two great men, I think that the two texts both agreed that Charlemagne and Caesar Augustus both proven and shown their capacity and worth as the highest leader of their country in their times. On war and in pursuit of kingdom expansion As a leader on those times of Charlemagne and Caesar Augustus, one main concern of the state is to protect the state from being invaded by other expanding state and to expanding by invading other states. Thus army and defenses were priorities of the state during that time.Just like Caesar Augustus, Charlemagne had done this army thing. He managed to led his army against different foes and he emerged victorious. Thus, during his time, there is apparent expansion of the state. More properties were grabbed. Many resources were gained. Through this,the state became richer and richer than ever. According to the two texts which is the Life of Charlemagne and Augustus Caesars Res Gestae Divi Augusti showed the greatness of the two in terms of facing war and making tough decisions when a need arises. The two great leaders had a clear program on what to extend, why extending land and the ways and means to implement such program. Einhard clearly expressed the aggressiveness of Charlemagne in war. He did not mention that Charlemagne take a second thought in his participation in war. Hes confident in every war hes into and he took sure steps. Hes ambitious in expanding his territory. Just like Charlemagne, Caesar Augustus seemed to be ambitious too in expanding his kingdom. However, Caesar sought peace in his war. It is evident in his writings, I extended the frontiers of all the provinces.I restored peace to Gallic and Spanish provinces. Charlemagne too created an atmosphere of peace in his territory since he tried to settle public and political dispute by letting the captives choose, death or Christianity. On public and social works Leader as they were, theyre ought to perform social task that will bring forth benefit for the people. They must fulfill their duty in caring and giving whats best for his society. Thus, Charlemagne and Caesar Augustus were subject to social and political responsibilities and obligations. Einhard mentioned that Charlemagne although occupied by the thought of subduing the other nations, he had devised plans about programs that will benefit his constituents and some were completed. These projects range from bridges to landmarks and basilicas. While Caesar Augustus focused on sensible games of Olympics and honoring such using his name. thus Augustus concerns more in improving physical aspect of public life. He is more concern of amusement. Although being more focus in the Olympics and the development of physical prowess, Augustus took time in managing the engineering of different structures that became the landmarks of the ancient Rome. Thus, we here the similarity of the two in giving time for public works but Augustus focus more on amusements and the development of physical prowess of his constituent. On democracy Let us be aware that the contemporary of Augustus is the birth of the concept of democracy and Augustus was completely aware of that. He completely understands that his power emanates from the voice of people who voted him thus he was well guuided throughout his reign that no one stood higher than the mass who elected him. Thus, a primary concept of democracy was visible in Augustus leadership. One event that provides the proof that Augustus was indeed a democratic leader is that he transferred his power to Roman senate and people. This action is greatly a breakthrough in other astronomical studies. Unlike Caesar Augustus, Charlemagnes reign is a monarchial format where there is only one leader in the group and all decision emanates from her. This is due to the fact that democracy that time is not popular and just a fresh idea that needs to be tested. Thus, many have doubted that album. Conclusion: Einhards depiction of Charlemagnes life and leadership skills contains similarities and some differences with how Caesar Augustus described his character in his Caesars Res Gestae Divi Augusti. And I would like to sum up the similarities and differences of two great men ever written in pages of history. In order to present this MCQ, allow me to deliver this in numbered form. The two leaders share a common thirst. A thirst for territorial expansion. As a result, they have used war as a tool in attaining this goal. However, Augustus considers establishing peace in different provinces where civil disputes occur. The two leaders provided public works which involves building infrastructure which will benefit the society where theyre living. However, August put more emphasis in public entertainment and to the development of physical prowess among its faculty. Charlemagnes leadership is more on monarchial while Augustus performance is very good and he is more adapting the democracy way of teaching. Comparing the two great leaders in history will leave us a question, who is the better of the two? Which leader did more in the society? Let us recall that the two leaders were born in different time frame with different existing social condition. It is said that Charlemagne did small things compare to Caesars achievement. Let us note that during Charlemagnes regime, the civilization is still at low. Only few were given a chance to educate themselves. Unlike during Caesars time, the civilization is at top or high level of literacy and mental activities are present. We cannot compare whose contribution is best since each contribution is serving the very purpose of the time it was served. Buy custom Great Leaders essay

Acceptance Under Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Acceptance Under Contract Law - Essay Example Consideration is an added benefit that is bargained for and may also include a promise to compromise upon a dispute, but the important factor is that it must be a new obligation, over and above what has already been agreed to in the original contract. The principle of consideration determines whether an oral promise may be enforceable since an implicit contract is formed if the person making the promise is receiving something in return – some consideration [www.abanet.org, pp 22]. This involves the exchange of â€Å"something of value† or the promise to do something in future.[www.bplans.co.uk, 2003]. The basic premise of a contract is the concept of Offer and Acceptance. When one party makes an offer and another party accepts it – either orally or in writing – then a contract is said to exist [www.bplans.co.uk, 2003]. In order for a contract to be valid, both the parties need to exchange something of value. If one party promises orally to give something to the other but does not follow through with it, his promise is not enforceable, unless the other party agreed to do something in return for the promised gift, in which case a contract does exist and may be enforceable. Once an agreement has been made and a contract entered into, any agreement to vary the contract is likely to be based upon some consideration, especially if the pacts is increased under the doctrine of economic duress. The doctrine of consideration has however been argued as being too â€Å"blunt an instrument† since its â€Å"reasoning was such that it could make a promise invalid even thoug h no pressure had been exerted by the promisee at all.† [Trietel, 2002, pp 14]. In this connection, there is already in existence a written contract between the two parties, which lays out the terms of payment for services rendered, ie, three installment payments of 10,000 pounds each to be made by Roger.

Modern Artists Joan Miro and Marcel Duchamp Essay

Modern Artists Joan Miro and Marcel Duchamp - Essay Example The essay "Modern Artists Joan Miro and Marcel Duchamp" explores Joan Miro and Marcel Duchamp and their works. Marcel’s artwork stands out as an artistic handy work with varied materials that make it real and fascinating to look at thereby inducing immense attention from viewers. This is because the artwork comprises of varied incorporated material not necessarily purchased by procured locally probably collecting worn out pieces of metals and other materials including threads. At a first glance, one cannot tell if the materials used entail ready available resources like copper collar, metal stand and a pulley. I also got fascinated by the work since it shows how thought major level of creativity. This is because for one to come up with a final product that encompasses fitting a painted papier- mache demisphere on velvet covered disk requires patience as well as outstanding creativity. Other intriguing encompasses the artiste’s blending of harmonious colors within the wh ole piece of work, which are black, white and brown. Hence, making the object appear integrated also with its settings and other parts such that it is not contrasting its varied parts together with shadow cast just close to it. This brings out the impact of visibility, which makes it exceptional compared to other pieces of work that may resemble it. Mainly, this is an artistic technique commonly associated with exceptional artists in their quest to create attention despite their works’ settings or placement in a museum as in Marcel’s artwork. ... Based on this piece of work (completed in 1936) depicting perching parrot, I guess the artist’s interest encompassed making his works resemble mostly nature and other wild creatures though in an illogical manner. This is evident in the way he is capable of incorporating wild features in his work and other things like a shoe as well as hat whose original settings as expected by mere audience does not resemble what he has made through this artwork. However, the artwork is extremely intriguing, which was the reason of choosing it. Similar to Marcel, the artists has also embraced use of harmonious though having lighter shading to align adequately with the artwork settings and somehow wildly nature. The latter is evident in the way the perched by the parrot seems all through having almost close colors thus no sharp contrasting. In addition, Miro’s work resembles that of his counterpart Marcel through assembly of varied aspects to create a unique and an identifiable object. I n comparison with Marcel’s artwork, Miro seemed to have gone further into utilizing refined aspects to come up with this artwork, which are shoe, art and others like different material for engraving the map, which is diverse from the brown one protruding from the base. The reason behind choosing this artwork was due to the artist’s fascinating way of incorporating nature with other aspects to make the viewer deem he or she is in the wild. This is via Joan merging varied materials to come up with appears like a tree hoisting a bird in order to bring out the hidden fascination in nature and the wild. Thesis: Marcel and Joan despite their respective artworks differing in the manner of materials incorporated in

Hypothesis and rationale Essay Example for Free

Hypothesis and rationale Essay The research proposal is based on the hypothesis that the current Tactical Personnel System training needs to be more effective and hence a departure from passive slide show system to more interactive system is a necessity. The main aim is that the personnel who have to undergo interactive training will learn and absorb more information than those with comparable amounts of passive TPS training experience. The modification in the system is now being developed with the introduction of hyperstudio. This will be analyzed through a set of tests organized by the researcher with scope of applicable to both control and experimental groups. A new set of TPS training sequences with the hyperstudio will be organized with the fact that practical experience with project based approach with the use of hyperstudio as its rational being the more valuable knowledge again rather than passively acquired knowledge. The memory retention based theme of current learning mediums of slideshow presentations and other media with possible utilization in the training fields has not been good enough to provide any real benefits if performance on the real world makes way. A more intensive, interactive and practical approach based training method has to be adopted so as to promote full use of the TPS system. An instructional system in an improvised format will result in an increase level of proficiency and full utilization of the TPS capabilities. Methodology Participants The population of the study will consist of uniformed soldiers, senior officials and the training staff. The sample population will perform manifesting operations in Fort Hood, Texas, which is the largest military installation in the world, and currently home of two divisions of approximately 16,000 soldiers each. One support command of 12,000 soldiers, and numerous reserves with joint argumentation that makes it one of the most deployable military assets in the United States inventory. Setting The research will take place in the participants’ current work location. No artificial environment or classroom setup will be provided due to the widely dispersed locations and issues of logistical support. Procedure The goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the new set of training exercises compared to the current TPS training program. Initially, a simple random sample of 100 uniformed soldiers who have all had full TPS field experience will be given a baseline test organized by the researcher. The results will be compiled for later comparison with the research results, and those initially tested will no longer take part in the study. Then, two groups of 100 uniformed soldiers each (obtained through simple random sampling), all with previous TPS training, will be selected. A copy of the TPS users manual, test sheets, questionnaire, and the new set of additional TPS interactive training exercises will be emailed to the individual accounts of the experimental group, and a copy of the standard set of TPS training exercises, users manual, test sheets, and questionnaire will be emailed to the individual accounts of the experimental group. They will undergo a preliminary test to determine their current knowledge, and then they will be instructed to go through the exercises and then answer the test that immediately follows. Participants will be asked to volunteer for a one-on-one interview that will identify their concerns with the training, and also recommendations on how to improve the training. Finally, they will all be directed to complete a questionnaire that will address their overall impression of the material. Research Design The sample for this study will be selected from military personnel through simple random sampling. The variables that might affect the research are training intensity, computer literacy, personal military background, and age. Since all members of the sample groups have individual access to computers and email, the material and instructions for the study will be sent by e-mail. They will be required to complete a preliminary test and then independently go through the new exercises (if in the experimental group) or through the TPS user refresher slideshow presentation (if in the control group), and then complete the second test. A viable mode of administering the interactive training and tests may be through the use of a Macromedia ® Flash interactive presentation in a web browser. The second test and the questionnaire can be included and come right after the training, thus minimizing the possibility of cheating. Questionnaires are one of the most popular ways in which data may be collected. These are used for a range of purposes and will often be the tool used to collect quantitative data. But it is worth mentioning that although this may be classified as mostly a quantitative process of collecting data it may also be a qualitative method, depending on the number, depth and style of the questions. Data will also be collected using questionnaires, surveys, and interviews given to participants that agree in advance. Prior coordination with the individual’s supervisor will be arranged, as they will be able to promote timely collection and also minimize non-responses. To protect the identity of the individual and foster sincere responses, all questionnaires will be marked with a Letter P and a number to identify the passively-trained sample and a letter A with a number to identify the field-trained sample. A predetermined set of questions will be answered using the Likert Scale and measured using t-test for independent sample. All completed surveys and questionnaires will be collected from location on a pre-determined date. Quantitative research over here has relied more on the large amount of results, with the recorded data being mainly numerical in type and has been suitably used as a method of determining cause and effect relationships (Curwin and Slater, 2001). But this qualitative research is narrower and more concentrated by looking to information to be gained in-depth from a smaller quantity of subjects (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the data over here require phenomenal research of Grounded theory as well as historical research hence this Qualitative research is best suited for getting applied (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the research undertaken over here has been basically done on analysing how the use of Hyperstudio can effect change in the pattern of TPS training, the study of the same is going add something to the existing knowledge. Therefore, we must consider the different aspects of research that will characterise a research project as valid; these may include issues such as reliability, validity, objectivity, causality and bias. These may be seen in the questions that are asked, the way they are asked through phrasing and order, and in questions that are not asked. Therefore the questionnaire has been designed while considering the full possibility of getting certain answers, but in what type of answers are attained and to be seen as impartial. There are different aspects that need to be considered so that it will be accepted and good solid research. The formulation of a questionnaire may be inherently biased and reflect the desired out come rather than an objective research method. Reliability may be perceived as one of the easier objectives. This is often seen as the ability of the same study to be conducted and the results to prove the same, however repeatability does it mean that a research project is valid and can be relied upon (Denzin, 1978). We have considered other aspects of the research rather that just reliability in order to make the project valid. Reliability must also come from the level of confidence that may be seen in a study from the objectivity or recognised subjectivity which may be seen to arise. The project have been undertaken from a subjective perspective and those asking the questions if a face to face method is used, do not known the study purpose. The first stage to recognise that subjectivity is present and then recognised in order to overcome. If we set out to prove a model is true it is easy for the research to be biased, just as if we are looking for specific information other aspects may be ignored or forgotten. As such although the researcher may be biased there are certain measures that can be taken to ensure the research model used can be seen to have been implemented objectively. In designing the questionnaire it is likely that there will be others involved either by way of observation or the correlation of the data. When designing the research questions, there should be no indication of the final purpose of the study, in this way we might limit the bias of the respondents and ensure there is a lower risk of the cross contamination of bias (Denzin, 1978). However, it must also be recognised that we can never completely extinguish research bias. Data Analysis When looking at the way a sample should be chosen there will be the desire to choose a sample that is representative of the personnels that is going to be targeted. If the population is not representative then the results will not be representative. The way in which we need to consider the target is to look at the way sampling will be used. In this scale we need to talk to people who are either getting training or have been trained or are providing instructions while training. The first aspect is whether probability or non-probability sampling should be used. Probability sampling is a more random sampling style, the basis of this is that the selection of each respondent is a matter of chance and that all respondents will have an equal chance of being chosen, in many cases this can be a known probably of the respondent being selected. There are a number of sampling techniques that fall into this category. These include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified and cluster sampling. In total there are more than 30 probability sampling techniques (Malhotra, 1999). Random sampling is best defined as a sampling method was any member of the population will not have a zero chance of selection where the chances can be calculated. Looking at these different methods, simple random sampling is the most basic. This is where all members shave the same chance of being chosen and where the knowledge of another population member being chosen for sampling will not alter the odds. A method of undertaking this is choosing names out of a hat or any other random method. Stratified sampling is where the population of the sample is separated into distinct groups which do not overlap; this is where stratification is seen. There will then be samples taken from each of these groups. For example, this may be a sample that is divided into male and females, likewise we may look at those who can and do use the internet and those who do not. There may also be the use of age groups, they key is no overlaps between the groups. The next potential method may be multistage sampling. This may consist of two, three or more stages in the sampling. The process will start with the division of the population into non-overlapping groups as seen with the stratified sampling. However this is only the first stage, following this a sample of the first stage units will be chosen according to different criteria. We can also look at non probability sampling techniques as these will have a level of intervention to ensure the sample is representative. The most common is quota sampling, but this will also include judgement sampling, convenience sampling, random route sampling and snowball sampling (Talmage 1988). Quota sampling is exactly as it appears to sound, there are the definition of quotas to be used. In many cases these will consist of gender, age groups and social class quotas, which may or may not have crossovers. This is used widely in commercial settings but this is also a method that is not supported as widely in academic circles (Ojeda and Sahai, 2002). Opportunity sampling is where an opportunity is sought to interview or gain the opinions of a particular group and will then place themselves or the survey in the position of those who may be most appropriate for that study (Talmage 1988). Random route sampling where is there is a route planned and the interviewer may travel that route to gather data and hopefully meet potential subjects. This is a very random method of sampling and is also difficult to gain the correct numbers where there is quantitative data required. Snowball sampling is a method that can be used when there is a scenario of a large level of data being required in a short period of time (Talmage 1988). This may be used with a few key people being approached and interviewed which will then lead to more potential candidates being identified (Talmage 1988). Self section is also a non random type of sampling as the respondents will volunteer themselves and a last type we may consider is that of plausibility sampling which is defined by Talmage (1988) as â€Å"a sample selected because it appears plausible that the members are representative of a wider population, without any real evidence† (page 82). With each of these methods there are advantages and disadvantages, we need to consider which is going to be most appropriate considering the population required and the sample and the sampling method. Looking at all of these it appears that the most appropriate method will be that snowballing, it is not the fastest but it is likely to provide the best results in identifying potential respondents for the research. The mean is the measure of average performance of a group on a measure of some variable (Gay Airasian, 2003). Data analysis is meant to calculate the mean between variables by finding relations among the variables. Initial data analysis will begin with the comparison of the test results from the control and experimental groups. All survey, questionnaire, and interview data will be collected, converted to values and processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the control and experimental groups will then also be compared with the results from the baseline test. After this, the results will be analyzed to test the hypothesis through a classification system for each value. The demographic variables such as gender, age, and education will be grouped under one category, while questions related to the hypothesis will be grouped in another useful category. The numeric values will be evaluated using the t-test, which assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. Results from participants will be analyzed by thorough examination of the survey, questionnaires, and interviews. The mean analysis comparison will determine changes on the responses from the initial baseline survey to the second and final survey. The questionnaire data will be used to analyze the effectiveness of the current mediums of the TPS. Results from the statistical data will indicate the consistency of the training effectiveness for participants overall. It will also identify the program’s current shortfalls on its training objectives. The hypothesis will be accepted only if the experimental group scores higher in the final tests and the difference in their scores are statistically significant (5% or higher in this case). References Ausubel, D. P. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston. Benware, C. A. Deci, E. A. (1984). Quality learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal. 21(4), 755-765. Biggs, J. (1999). 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The relation between assessment and practice and outcomes of strategies: The case of recognition of prior knowledge. Review of Educational Research, 69(2), 145. Gay, G. , Mazur, J.(1993). The utility of computer tracking tools for user centered design. Educational Technology, 33(4), 45-59. Gay, L. , Airasian, P. (2003). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application (7th ed. ). New York: Prentice Hall. Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgraves Macmillan. Goldman, I. (1999). Q methodolgy as process and context in interpretivism, communication and psychoanalytic psychotherapy research. The Psychological Record, 49(4), 589. Green, P. J. (2003). Peer instruction for astronomy. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Heinich, R. , Molenda, M. ,Russell, J. , Smaldino, S. (2002). Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. Columbus: MerrillPrentice Hall. Jih, H. J. , Reeves, T. C. (1992). Mental models: A research focus for interactive learning systems. Educational Technology Research and Development, 40(3), 39-53. Jones, I. (1997). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods in sports fan research [Electronic version]. The Qualitative Report, 3(4). Kirshner, P. A. (2006). (Inter)dependent learning: Learning is interaction. Den Haag: CIP-Gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Malhotra N K, (1999), Marketing Research. An Applied Orientation, (International Edition), London, Prentice Hall. Merchant, B. , Willis, A. (2001). Multiple and Intersecting Identities in Qualitative Research. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ojeda, Mario Miguel; Sahai, Hardeo, (2002, Nov-Dec), Design-based Sample and Probability Law-Assumed Sample: Their Role in Scientific Investigation, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, v33 n6 p819-28 Orr, T. (2002). Set the right tone. Writing 25(3), 20-22. Partnership for 21st century Skill (2006) Learning for the 21st Century. A report and Mile Guide for 21st Century Rhodes, D. M. (1993). The assessment of teaching in higher education: A critical retrospect and a proposal. Originally published in Higher Education, 4, 173-199. Retrieved Octoober 31, 2006, from http://west. bradley. edu/TroupISU/Dent/drhodes_web/secure/docs/primary/ jorhruat. pdf Rothkopf,E. Z. (1970). The concept of mathemagenic activities. Review of Educational Research, 40, 325-336. Salas, E. , Teachout, M. S. (1997). Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Slater, T. , Adam, J. (2003). Learner-centered astronomy teaching: Strategies for teaching Astro 101. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Talmage PA, (1988), Dictionary of Market Research, London, MRS/ISBA U. S. Department of the Army. (2004). Personnel processing (Army Reg 600-8-101, Army Reg 350-9). U. S. Department of the Army. (2005). Department of defense dictionary of military and associated terms amendment (Joint Pub 1-02. ). Veal, A. J. (2000). Business research methods: A managerial approach. Sydney: Addison-Wesley-Longman.

Pojmans View on Merit Essay -- Philosophy, ethics

In this paper, I will attempt to elaborate on situations where actions have a fitting response to deeds performed. It is my understanding of Pojman's view of which I agree, that "Every action in the universe has a fitting response" (Pojman, 1999, p. 96). I also agree that "Evil deeds must be followed by evil outcomes and good deeds by good outcomes" (Pojman, 1999, p. 96). Take for instance if you commit murder, I feel that you should be put to death. Yes, I know some people may argue this fact but just think about the grieving family of the person who is no longer alive, they are in pain and they suffer while the person who committed murder is still alive. This is why I feel the one who committed the crime should be harshly punished, That person did not think of the hurt that it would cause there family or loved ones so in turn the one who did the crime should be put to death as well. Now I know this will now make two grieving families but again think of the main family at hand. I feel just putting the person in jail is not good enough because they are still living, mean while the other person did not have a chance and is now dead. I also feel why should we as citizens pay for a murderer to be alive in jail and able to stay alive watching TV when the other person is not able to do anything. Yes this is cruel punishment but again it is also just as cruel to commit murder with out legal and just cause. Here are a few more examples of Evil and Punishment: Rape: If a person rapes another person, say it is a male doing the act then I feel it should be a severe punishment. The punishment should be castration of the penis. This form of punishment would prevent the person from doing such act again and not allow then to have... ...hey did serve for us and our/their country and they did their best. It should not matter if they were hurt or not and it should not matter if they only served 4 years or less, No matter what they should receive benefits. I feel a good way of showing our men and woman appreciation is to help them say a marriage happens I feel the military should help out with at least half, and if the person dies they should pay for the entire funeral. To me that really would show appreciation to them for what hey did. Any person who serves should be recognized and rewarded as for what they did they did for us and their country and they did not have to do it at all. So in conclusion yes, I would agree with Pojman we do deserve what get rather it be good or evil/bad. Works Cited Pojman, Louis P. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. 5th edition. Thomson Nelson. Toronto: 2005.

Comparison of Jane Eyre and “Goblin Market” Essay

Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market† are both texts written in the Victorian period. They both carry similar themes of the evils of patriarchy and the importance of empowering women to assert their identity in this time period. Both Jane Eyre and Laura are characters that are affected by the issues that mainly affected women in the male-dominated Victorian society. This is clearly portrayed when the men in both texts try to confine women physically and emotionally through deception and force. The different portrayal of both male and female characters also plays a very important role in communicating these issues. Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market† can be read as a criticism of Victorian arrangement of marriage. She stresses the importance of women’s friendship as the main agent that can help in fighting against or changing society’s exploitation of women. The two sisters represent two different kinds of women; Lizzie, th e submissive ones and Laura, those that fought against patriarchy, and the goblins represent the patriarchal system. It shows that women can control their destinies, gain some level of independence, and avoid society’s oppressive rules and work towards their liberation and happiness. In the Victorians society men where more educated, powerful and rich hence they dominated women. Women were subjugated to the home as housewives whilst their husbands earned money for the family. This gave the men even more power over women, both before and after marriage. Therefore, this led to the society ignoring and exploiting of women’s rights and abilities, and social status. The goblin men, full of promises not kept, dominate goblin Market, which symbolizes marriage. This clearly shows how men controlled the marriage arrangement. Women had no or little power in society to get what they want hence would resort to selling themselves in marriage. Beauty and look was their only power and so they traded this and offered themselves for the security of a husband. The goblin men are described as animal-like but they still have power and influence over the women. Patriarchy is portrayed as being corrupt and deceptive. Rossetti shows that women were usually coaxed into marriage with lavish promises of love, wealth, status and security. This is seen when the goblin men persistently and persuasively cry out to the girls to â€Å"come buy our†¦.plump†¦sweet†¦rare† (lines 2-15) fruits. Lizzie, the docile sister succumbs to the Goblin’s seduction but her sister Laura realizes the danger and firmly resists the lure of the Goblin men. Laura’s character represents a generation of women brave enough to rebel against stereotypes created by women as loose and passionate as well as fight women subjugation. Men’s deceit is evident in women’s disappointments in marriage. Despite the strict marital laws, men could make a commitment to woman but later leave and go to another woman. This can be seen when Laura returns to the market in need of more fruits but she finds no goblins, they have disappeared with all their succulent fruits. This breaks Laura’s heart and she becomes depressed when she realizes that she may never get to eat the fruits again. This is equivalent to the disappointment most women faced after marriage, in that they were not completely satisfied and happy because they were repressed, oppressed and not loved as much as they expected. Surprisingly though, Lizzie who hasn’t yet tasted the fruits, can still hear the cries of the goblins. She however, manages to resist their incessant cries and calling but focuses on caring for her sister and looking ways of brining her back to life. Lizzie here could represent unmarried women desired by men and being coaxed into marriage. Observing her sister’s pitiful state teaches and empowers Lizzie, and it enables her to avoid falling for the goblin’s temptations. The struggle that could results from a woman’s attempt to fight patriarchy is represented when goblins use violence to taunt and torment her, but Lizzie does not falter or give in to their demands, â€Å"Though the goblins cuffed and caught her, Coaxed and fought her, Bullied and besought her, Scratched her, pinched her black as ink, Kicked and knocked her, Mauled and mocked her, Lizzie uttered not a word; Would not open lip from lip Lest they should cram a mouthful in†(lines 424-432). She represents strong women who were brave enough to stand up fight against society’s oppressive norms towards women. Her role as her sister’s savior shows the need for women’s collective action, how powerful they can be in fighting for their rights. Her persistence and effort could empower other women to stand up for their rights and continue fighting this kind of oppression and subjugation of women. Lizzie is able to resist the rape and humiliation that the goblins attempt on her because she has leverage. She comes with a coin in her purse, which gives her bargaining power even though it is little, she can trade with goblins on equal terms without following their terms. The violent and persistent behavior of the goblins in trying to force Lizzie to eat the fruit represents the forceful nature of men when it came to forcing women to submit to them in marriage. However, Lizzie is strong and persistent in resisting eating the fruit, but she lets the fruit juices stick to her body so that she can bring it home to her sister. When she arrives home she tells Laura to â€Å"hug me, kiss me, suck my juices† (line 468) and Laura does exactly that. The effect of the juices seems to work as they wake her from her trance and make her look more alive. The ending of the poem which hints at a possible erotic relationship between Laura and Lizzie could be a further commentary on how this newly found sense of identity also leads to a newly discovery of women’s sexuality instead of the old tradition of being restricted to only having romantic relations with men. However, the most important thing it that there is no presence of the domineering influence of goblin men in the lives of the two women. Similarly, Bronte’s Jane Eyre discreetly rebels against her society’s patriarchal system where â€Å"Women, in their inferior treatment in Victorian society, are treated by society like they were no more responsible or worthy of respect than children†(Lewis). She develops into a strong, independent, self-assured and empowered young woman. Her character stands out from the many conforming women characters in the novel especially Bertha, Rochester’s lunatic wife who is locked in the attic of his house, confined and being controlled by her husband like many married women. â€Å"Females were supposed to be quiet, submissive, passive, and loyal to their husbands†(Lewis). Jane Eyre on the other hand has her own ideas of how women should behave and what their role in society should be, contrary to what society dictates. We can see her rebellion against these oppressive societal norms when she says that; â€Å"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and it is narrowed-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making pudding and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex.† (Brontà « 112-13) She freely expresses her thoughts and her unfeminine ways puzzle most male and female characters in the novel. Also, she refuses to be charmed by Rochester who calls her angel and plans on transforming her through her dress style by she blatantly refuses this. Although he tries to convince her she does not believe him, she still remains skep tical and cautious. This clearly shows her refusal to be the woman that society expects her to be, gullible and naà ¯ve, just like Lizzie who is not fooled by the goblins. Most male characters in this novel are also portrayed negatively because here too, they represent the evil patriarchal system. Rochester, one of the male characters in Jane Eyre is described as â€Å"masculine; and†¦ dark, strong, and stern,†(115) a better description as compared to the animal-like goblins but still bad. Bronte mainly highlights his masculine features, his dominance, energy, and authoritative and forceful nature. Jane says that; â€Å"I knew my traveler with his broad and jetty eyebrows; his square forehead, made squarer by the horizontal sweep of his black hair..†¦yes, all three were very grim and no mistake. His shape, now divested of cloak, I perceived harmonized in squareness with his physiognomy; I suppose it was a good figure in the athletic sense of the term†¦broad chested and thin flank ed, though neither tall nor graceful (122). This masculinity translates to the power that men possessed over women in the Victorian era, evident in Rochester’s deceptive scheming plot to charm and deceive Jane into marrying him as his second wife. The wedding would have continued if he hadn’t confessed the truth. Bertha’s situation reveals women’s vulnerability in marriage. Rochester lies that they are divorced because he knows that he has silenced her by hiding her away and she cannot speak against him. Rochester also thinks he understands women, especially Jane but Bronte make it is clear that he does not understand her at all. Just like in â€Å"Goblin Market† men and women are not equals. The relationship is like a slave and his master hence problems in seeing eye to eye. Similar to â€Å"Goblin’s Market† Rochester’s former mistresses are an example of victims of the unfair marriage system which does not live up to its promises. Jane refers to the mistresses as  "these poor girls† (348) because she realizes that she could have easily been like them. Rochester also plays â€Å"games with her heart and soul in order to conduct a sort of experiment for his own benefit and amusement†(Lewis). Luckily for her, she avoids the trap by observing and learning from the other victims, just like Lizzie is able to learn from her sister’s mistake. Jane also struggles to overcome the danger of falling for Rochester’s lavish promises of love and wealth. Rochester’s persistence threatens her beliefs; she admits, â€Å"I loved him very much†¦more than I could trust myself to say†¦more than words had power to express† (295). Even though she is strong willed, Rochester’s dominance and deception threaten to consume her, she says; â€Å"My future husband was becoming to me my whole world†¦almost my hope of heaven. He stood between me and every thought of religion, as an eclipse intervenes between man and the broad sun. I could not, in those days, see God for his creature: of whom I had made an idol† (307). However, she gets a lucky escape when Rochester confesses. Jane lets â€Å" her fate to be dictated by herself and her own actions instead of the wishes and direction of Mr. Rochester†(Lewis). She sticks to her principles and leaves him. Jane also manages to assert her own identity in the male-dominated society even though both Mr. Rochester and St. John Rivers try to confine her to a subordinate position in order to control her. She achieves this by rejecting both Rochester and St. John. She only agrees to get married to Mr. Rochester after ensuring that their marriage is truly based on equality. She now has wealth and almost the same social class with him. Just like Lizzie was able to trade with the goblins because she had money. Brontà « uses Jane’s rebellious character to communicate her thoughts, as well as oppose Victorian subjugation and stereotypes about women in the Victorian society. Bronte and Rossetti can be seen as two of the few brave female writers who used their writing to denounce the oppressive norms of the Victorian society for women. The fight against patriarchy in both texts lead to empowerment of women and the discovery of their sense of identity, this attributes to the content and positive ending of both texts. Jane Eyre, Laura and Lizzie seem to have achieved a sense of security, happiness, and pride. Both texts end on a positive note, promising better relationships/understanding between men and women as well as better if not equal treatment. Works Cited: Robert Lewis, Gender Roles in Charlote Brontes Jane Eyre. The woman question: sexuality, sisterhood and subversion in chris ross† gblin market.